Discuss the grounds upon which bias may be attributed to decision-making.

1. “The procedure and practice of judicial review in Kenya is governed by the provisions ofOrder 53 of the Civil Procedure Rules. Under the Rules, an application for judicial reviewproceedings in two stages. At first, the law requires the aggrieved party to apply for leaveto institute the application for judicial review. It is following grant of leave that theapplicant proceeds to institute the action for judicial review.”Peter Kaluma, Judicial Review: Law Procedure and Practice (2009), pp.57.Discuss the above in detail, highlighting the nature, necessity, and mode of pleadings atthe two-stages of application for judicial review(30 marks)2. Discuss the nature and efficacy of the following orders available in judicial reviewproceedings: –a) Certiorarib) Prohibitionc) Mandamus (20 marks)